Thank you, that helped! It is now required to Save first and then Publish
var node = _contentService.CreateContent("Name of the node", parentUdi, "contentTypeAlias", request.UserId);
node.SetValue("description", "property description...");
var savedNode = _contentService.Save(node);
if (!savedNode.Success)
{
throw new Exception("Error when saving node");
}
var publishedNode = _contentService.Publish(node, ["*"], request.UserId);
if (!publishedNode.Success)
{
throw new Exception("Error when saving property group node");
}