When you write:
Do you then mean Nested Content, as in the deprecated datatype, now replaced with BlockList?
Or are you referring to pages created as children of a page with a List View?
Are you able to replicate this issue on all you environment or is it only for one specific environment?
Is there any errors, warning or otherwise interesting log messages when you try and publish a page?
Do you have any code that hooks into the examine indexer that could be preventing this?
Have you tried with the latest version of Umbraco 13?